Author: Rodolfo Acuna
Book: OPR
Year: 2004
Summary:
This chapter is about how American occupation affected Mexico and its people. Acuna addressed how Americans don't want to aknowledge that the U.S. has an imperialistic history and how the Southwest was unjustly seized from Mexico. Acuna argues that "...Mexicans in the United States are still a colonized people, but now the colonization is internal - it is occuring within the country rather than being imposed by an external power". (Heldke and O'Connor 2004, pg 90) Mexicans are looked down upon and are treated as the inferior servants of the United States. This theory arises from the fact that many Mexican Americans are the children of immigrants who came to the United States to work as cheap labor. Also, the school system within the colonies were designed to teach Mexican children about Anglo-American history, not Mexican history. Acuna concludes by informing readers that his goal is to not bring tension and seperation among the Mexican and Anglo-Americans, but to bring awarness and understanding to help the Mexican American and immigration community.
My thoughts/reactions:
I liked the author's point of not trying to seperate the two groups through history but unite them by the understanding of history and current events. It's important for all Americans to learn about the history of different groups in the United States and how past actions and events influenced and made up the events and issues of today.
Currently, there is a large amount of ignorance and scape-coating toward the Mexican American and immigrant community. Mexican immigrant workers are portrayed as drug criminals who will leech of the country's resources. The United States government and public are taking extreme actions against immigrant workers by building a wall throughout the border and holding protests. Technically, these protesters and the U.S. government are trying to keep Mexican immigrants off of land that was rightfully theirs.
Wednesday, June 11, 2008
Tuesday, June 10, 2008
Saturday, June 7, 2008
Foreword and Introduction
Book: Conquest- Sexual Violence and American Indian Genocide
Author: Andrea Smith
pages: XV-6
Summary:
Winona LaDuke tells her experience as an Native American woman. She explains how Native women are one of the least valued human beings in the country. She describes a term called, "ethno-stress" which is what most Native American suffer from. She describes it as "you will wake up in the morning, and someone will be trying to steal you land, your legal rights your sister will be in jail, your public school Anglo-dominated school district will be calling about your children's conflicts with teachers or their spotty attention, and your non-profit organization's funding is getting cut by a foundation because you are no longer a priority". (Smith 2005, pg XVII) She raises a really tragic and complex theory of women of color feeling pressured to not report rape or violence against them by colored men, in order to retain a solid face against racism. She informs readers that the book is about how colonialism and patriarchy use sexual violence as a tool against Native American women. The first chapter is how sexual violence deemed some people rapable and how it was able to continue further by sterilization abuse and racism. The second chapter is about events in U.S. and Canadian American Indian Boarding schools. The third chapter is about racism and sexism is a form of sexual violence against Native Americans. Chapter four examines how sexual violence was used as an initiative to stop Native Americans from reproducing. Chapter 5 is about medical experimentation on Native Americans. Chapter 6 is about Native American spirituality's being used as ground for sexual exploitation. Chapter 7 is about how we can end gender violence. Chapter 8 is about how we should end violence by acknowledging the faults of the United States government.
My thoughts/reactions:
This seems like a really good book to read because it examines how sexual violence is used as a tool of oppression. I agree with her point of colored women feeling like they will weaken the racial front if they report violence being commited by colored men. People of color, especially colored males, already have a negative view in the media and public. It seems like the victims have to decide which is more tolerable of the two demeaning, tragic acts: racism or sexual violence. Sexual violence is a horrible, horrible tragedy to happen to anyone, and no government, institution, or human being should take part in it or defend it.
Author: Andrea Smith
pages: XV-6
Summary:
Winona LaDuke tells her experience as an Native American woman. She explains how Native women are one of the least valued human beings in the country. She describes a term called, "ethno-stress" which is what most Native American suffer from. She describes it as "you will wake up in the morning, and someone will be trying to steal you land, your legal rights your sister will be in jail, your public school Anglo-dominated school district will be calling about your children's conflicts with teachers or their spotty attention, and your non-profit organization's funding is getting cut by a foundation because you are no longer a priority". (Smith 2005, pg XVII) She raises a really tragic and complex theory of women of color feeling pressured to not report rape or violence against them by colored men, in order to retain a solid face against racism. She informs readers that the book is about how colonialism and patriarchy use sexual violence as a tool against Native American women. The first chapter is how sexual violence deemed some people rapable and how it was able to continue further by sterilization abuse and racism. The second chapter is about events in U.S. and Canadian American Indian Boarding schools. The third chapter is about racism and sexism is a form of sexual violence against Native Americans. Chapter four examines how sexual violence was used as an initiative to stop Native Americans from reproducing. Chapter 5 is about medical experimentation on Native Americans. Chapter 6 is about Native American spirituality's being used as ground for sexual exploitation. Chapter 7 is about how we can end gender violence. Chapter 8 is about how we should end violence by acknowledging the faults of the United States government.
My thoughts/reactions:
This seems like a really good book to read because it examines how sexual violence is used as a tool of oppression. I agree with her point of colored women feeling like they will weaken the racial front if they report violence being commited by colored men. People of color, especially colored males, already have a negative view in the media and public. It seems like the victims have to decide which is more tolerable of the two demeaning, tragic acts: racism or sexual violence. Sexual violence is a horrible, horrible tragedy to happen to anyone, and no government, institution, or human being should take part in it or defend it.
Miscegenation as Nation-Building: Indian and Immigrant Women in Mexico
Author: Natividad Gutierrez
Book: Unsettling Settler Societies
pages: 161- 188
Summary:
This chapter was about the different races that inhabited Mexico and the land's new social ladder and customs. The arrival of the Europeans and other immigrants marked the rising population of the mestizo, those who are bi-racial. According to the chapter, 90% of the population consisted mestizo, while only 9.8% made up the native population. The mestizo population was made up from the relationships of immigrant men and indigenous women. One's place of birth and race were the factors that comprised the social ladder. Those born in Spain were called 'peninsulares' while those who were Spanish American were called 'creoles'. The peninsulares held the highest positions in both political and religious offices, while the creoles held the intermediate and lower offices. The mestizo class comprised of a mix of European, African, Chinese, and Japanese men with indigenous women. Some aristocratic Indian women had marriages with the "conquistadors" or European land owners. Those who were a mixture of African and native descent were called mulatto. However, the chapter reports that the population grew by the addition of rape of the indigenous women.
Social status even determined the type of clothing and jewelery that a woman wore; fine clothes and jewels were only worn by Spanish women to display their high status. Origns of birth also determined the type of religous education and vows that a woman could take. Women from Spain and creoles had the opportunity to take religous vows and attend special religous institions while mestizo or noble Indian women attended seperate religous institions. The rest of the women recieved minimal religous education or opportunities. Suprisingly, at one point women of all social statuses joined togeather at one point to proest the Diaz administration. They made attained a political voice and took action: "For the first time, women also found anit-establishment newspapers and journals in order to make a political contribution to rebuilding the nation. They also contributed to the debate concerning the protection and defense of the country....". (USS 1995, pg 170)
My thoughts/reactions:
I enjoyed reading about the different statuses of women and how they affected the customs and traditions of Mexico. The chapter claimed that Spanish women were the ones to sustain Spanish customs, religion, and status in the new land. That part of the chapter reminded me of Professor Margo's comment of women being used as tools to revitialize a nation's ideals and prominent race. I thought the part of the women uniting against the Diaz administration was an amazing accomplishment for them because they were able to cross race and class lines.
It seems like Mexico had a really long social ladder comprising of the different races and birth statuses. I was suprised to find that 90% of the population was mestizo. Reading this part gave me the notion that Mexico was sort of like the United States where there was a large population of immigrants. This makes me wonder if there was a lot of racial tension between the different immigrant groups.
Book: Unsettling Settler Societies
pages: 161- 188
Summary:
This chapter was about the different races that inhabited Mexico and the land's new social ladder and customs. The arrival of the Europeans and other immigrants marked the rising population of the mestizo, those who are bi-racial. According to the chapter, 90% of the population consisted mestizo, while only 9.8% made up the native population. The mestizo population was made up from the relationships of immigrant men and indigenous women. One's place of birth and race were the factors that comprised the social ladder. Those born in Spain were called 'peninsulares' while those who were Spanish American were called 'creoles'. The peninsulares held the highest positions in both political and religious offices, while the creoles held the intermediate and lower offices. The mestizo class comprised of a mix of European, African, Chinese, and Japanese men with indigenous women. Some aristocratic Indian women had marriages with the "conquistadors" or European land owners. Those who were a mixture of African and native descent were called mulatto. However, the chapter reports that the population grew by the addition of rape of the indigenous women.
Social status even determined the type of clothing and jewelery that a woman wore; fine clothes and jewels were only worn by Spanish women to display their high status. Origns of birth also determined the type of religous education and vows that a woman could take. Women from Spain and creoles had the opportunity to take religous vows and attend special religous institions while mestizo or noble Indian women attended seperate religous institions. The rest of the women recieved minimal religous education or opportunities. Suprisingly, at one point women of all social statuses joined togeather at one point to proest the Diaz administration. They made attained a political voice and took action: "For the first time, women also found anit-establishment newspapers and journals in order to make a political contribution to rebuilding the nation. They also contributed to the debate concerning the protection and defense of the country....". (USS 1995, pg 170)
My thoughts/reactions:
I enjoyed reading about the different statuses of women and how they affected the customs and traditions of Mexico. The chapter claimed that Spanish women were the ones to sustain Spanish customs, religion, and status in the new land. That part of the chapter reminded me of Professor Margo's comment of women being used as tools to revitialize a nation's ideals and prominent race. I thought the part of the women uniting against the Diaz administration was an amazing accomplishment for them because they were able to cross race and class lines.
It seems like Mexico had a really long social ladder comprising of the different races and birth statuses. I was suprised to find that 90% of the population was mestizo. Reading this part gave me the notion that Mexico was sort of like the United States where there was a large population of immigrants. This makes me wonder if there was a lot of racial tension between the different immigrant groups.
Gendering, Racializing, and Classifying: Settler Colonization in the United States
Author: Dolores Janiewski
Book: Unsettling Settler Socities
pages: 132-160
Summary:
This chapter foretells the history of the people different that lived in the United States. According to Janiewski: " Contained within its historical evolution are the three kinds of settler colonies identified by scholars: mixed settlement, plantation, and pure settlement". (USS 1995, pg 132) The chapter reviewed how class, race, gender, and citizenship affected how people were treated and perceived in the shared country.
Native Americans had their own customs and class system before the arrival of the Europeans. Women were the main the producers and controller of agriculture goods. They also shared equal status as men by being able to make decisions, taking on leadership roles, and some women even fought in wars. The arrival of the Europeans marked a period of constant war and deaths by diseases according to the chapter "Wars such as the Pequot War in 1637, Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 which originated in settler conflict with the Susquehannahs, Doegs and Piscasttaways and Metacom's War in 1675-76 'demonstrated that some of the coastal tribes were prepared to risk extinction rather than become a colonized and culturally imperialized people' as well as that they 'were doomed whether they chose war or peace' (Nash, 1974: 127, 135; Morgan, 1975:250-1)" (USS 1995, pg 136) Many Europeans wanted the Native Americans to assimilate into western society.
The chapter then explains the Mexican American experience in the United States. According to the chapter "the Spanish Colonizers thus established the first racially and class-stratified societies within the boundaries of what would become the United States". (USS 1995, pg 137) Spanish settlers were on top of the hierarchical ladder, then it was Native American women married to Spanish settlers, the African Americans slaves, then Native Americans. The intermingling of Native and the Europeans caused a relapse in women's rights and influence. Before European influence, women were allowed to own property and marriage was known to be a union between two families instead of a "single patriarchal household". (USS 1995, pg 137) In 1871 Congress decided that the government did not have to withhold past treaties or negotiate with the Native Americans because they were no longer considered to be independent nations.
The African American experience went through close examination. African slaves were brought in from Africa as the main form of labour for southern colonies. In the north, "slaves retained the right to own property , bequeath and inherit legacies, and work for their own benefit during their free time". (USS 1995, pg 138) Relationships between African American men and European women were illegal however, relationships between European men and African women were tolerated.
My thoughts/reactions:
This chapter presented a lot of good points of how gender, class, and race determined how people were treated socially and politically. The information about marriage laws was especially enlightening because it illustrated the ideals and customs of the society. Especially the part of European women and African men can't have a relationship but European men and African women can. Even though inter-racial marriage is no longer outlawed today, society is still trying to accept gay marriage.
Book: Unsettling Settler Socities
pages: 132-160
Summary:
This chapter foretells the history of the people different that lived in the United States. According to Janiewski: " Contained within its historical evolution are the three kinds of settler colonies identified by scholars: mixed settlement, plantation, and pure settlement". (USS 1995, pg 132) The chapter reviewed how class, race, gender, and citizenship affected how people were treated and perceived in the shared country.
Native Americans had their own customs and class system before the arrival of the Europeans. Women were the main the producers and controller of agriculture goods. They also shared equal status as men by being able to make decisions, taking on leadership roles, and some women even fought in wars. The arrival of the Europeans marked a period of constant war and deaths by diseases according to the chapter "Wars such as the Pequot War in 1637, Bacon's Rebellion in 1676 which originated in settler conflict with the Susquehannahs, Doegs and Piscasttaways and Metacom's War in 1675-76 'demonstrated that some of the coastal tribes were prepared to risk extinction rather than become a colonized and culturally imperialized people' as well as that they 'were doomed whether they chose war or peace' (Nash, 1974: 127, 135; Morgan, 1975:250-1)" (USS 1995, pg 136) Many Europeans wanted the Native Americans to assimilate into western society.
The chapter then explains the Mexican American experience in the United States. According to the chapter "the Spanish Colonizers thus established the first racially and class-stratified societies within the boundaries of what would become the United States". (USS 1995, pg 137) Spanish settlers were on top of the hierarchical ladder, then it was Native American women married to Spanish settlers, the African Americans slaves, then Native Americans. The intermingling of Native and the Europeans caused a relapse in women's rights and influence. Before European influence, women were allowed to own property and marriage was known to be a union between two families instead of a "single patriarchal household". (USS 1995, pg 137) In 1871 Congress decided that the government did not have to withhold past treaties or negotiate with the Native Americans because they were no longer considered to be independent nations.
The African American experience went through close examination. African slaves were brought in from Africa as the main form of labour for southern colonies. In the north, "slaves retained the right to own property , bequeath and inherit legacies, and work for their own benefit during their free time". (USS 1995, pg 138) Relationships between African American men and European women were illegal however, relationships between European men and African women were tolerated.
My thoughts/reactions:
This chapter presented a lot of good points of how gender, class, and race determined how people were treated socially and politically. The information about marriage laws was especially enlightening because it illustrated the ideals and customs of the society. Especially the part of European women and African men can't have a relationship but European men and African women can. Even though inter-racial marriage is no longer outlawed today, society is still trying to accept gay marriage.
Friday, June 6, 2008
Abstract: How the Media Covers School Shootings
School shootings are horrible atrocities that make the country stand still. We, as a society, question the cruel fate of events that occurred in places that are supposed to be safe. We especially question the student who committed the crime. The media and experts look at a dozen different factors that could attribute to such extreme acts: did the student have mental problems, past traumatic history, history of violence, etc. However, what happens when the media and the public take factors such as the person’s gender or race into consideration? When these sort of events happen, there country could feel alot of remorse, but also strong backlash.I will be examining the media coverage and following events of two school shootings: Columbine High School and Virginia Tech.
The perpetrators of the school shootings are mostly males. Jackson Katz has a theory that masculinity is a major factor in school shootings (http://www.ibrattleboro.com/article.php/20080416100143489). Boys feel like they have to prove themselves in order to be real men. Katz has a point that if it is the environment that these boys live in that causes them to lash out, then there should be more school shooters who are women. In many cases, teen shooters have a history of being teased or left out of the group. This must make some boys feel vulnerbale, powerless, and desperate.
How the media and public covers the perpetrator's personal story reflects society's standards. When the Columbine shooting occured, no one took the boys' race or ethnicity into account. When you type their names into internet social network groups like facebook, you get a page that honors their memory and expresses sympathy for them. (http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=2334223570) This is not the case for the Virginia Tech shooting, in many of the media clips, there was a highlight that the perpetrator was an Korean immigrant. When you type in his name on facebook, you get a page with groups that are expressesing hate and even intolerance. (http://www.facebook.com/s.php?q=seung%20cho&n=-1&k=200000010&s=10&hash=d046a3d903ce8b5905b100a7aa3ce638)
The perpetrators of the school shootings are mostly males. Jackson Katz has a theory that masculinity is a major factor in school shootings (http://www.ibrattleboro.com/article.php/20080416100143489). Boys feel like they have to prove themselves in order to be real men. Katz has a point that if it is the environment that these boys live in that causes them to lash out, then there should be more school shooters who are women. In many cases, teen shooters have a history of being teased or left out of the group. This must make some boys feel vulnerbale, powerless, and desperate.
How the media and public covers the perpetrator's personal story reflects society's standards. When the Columbine shooting occured, no one took the boys' race or ethnicity into account. When you type their names into internet social network groups like facebook, you get a page that honors their memory and expresses sympathy for them. (http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=2334223570) This is not the case for the Virginia Tech shooting, in many of the media clips, there was a highlight that the perpetrator was an Korean immigrant. When you type in his name on facebook, you get a page with groups that are expressesing hate and even intolerance. (http://www.facebook.com/s.php?q=seung%20cho&n=-1&k=200000010&s=10&hash=d046a3d903ce8b5905b100a7aa3ce638)
Tuesday, June 3, 2008
The Fractious Politics of a Settler Society: Canada
Book Title: Unsettling Settler Societies
Authors: Daiva Stasiulis and Nira Yuval- Davis
Pages 95- 129
SUMMARY:
I believe the author wants to relay the lost history of Canada and uncover that that Native Americans were an advanced society.
WHY ARE THESE ISSUES IMPORTANT TO A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES OF OPPRESSION, POWER, PRIVILEGE, AND RESISTANCE?HOW DO YOU POSITION TO THIS ARTICLE?
Through the pages you see the stripping of women's influence and power. In Native American custom, family orgins was traced through the female line however, that changed with European influence as family orgins were traced through the male line. I thought it was also interesting to read that the Metis class hid their Native American ancestry. To me, this tells me taht they were either ashamed or saw that it was more beneificial to claim that they were European.
ARE THERE THREAD OF THIS PIECE THAT 'SPEAK' IN FAMILIAR WAYS TO ISSUES, EXPERIENCES, MEMORIES IN YOUR OWN LIFE? EXPLAIN.HOW ARE THERE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE GROUPS/ INDIVIDUALS UNDER DISCUSSION AND OTHER MINORITIZED/ OPPRESSED?
I hear from friends that they feel like there is a gap between those who are bi-racial and those who are full. Some people who are mixed race feel like they are seperated from their ethnic community. I know some people who are bi-racial that identify with only one side of their ethnicity.
DO YOU AGREE WITH THE MAIN ARGUMENTS MADE? WHY? WHY NOT?
I agree with the main arguments made because it offers a different side of history that students don't learn about.
Authors: Daiva Stasiulis and Nira Yuval- Davis
Pages 95- 129
SUMMARY:
This chapter relayed information of the lifestyle and mingling of the people who lived in Canada. Aboriginal people of Canada had their own class system which was less patriotical than the European class system. In fact women were able to own land, control and produce resources, and have power over their family. In fact, their goods were vital trade items. Lineage was traced through the female line and some women were allowed to be chieftains.
British settlers arrived to Canada hoping to search for raw materials to send home to their mother country to become wealthy. With them they took "British ideas, goods, fashions, institutions, and cultural and economic practices". (USS 1995, pg 97) In order to survive in a new land and attain raw materials like fur, these newcomers had to depend on and collaborate with the Aborginal people. Their arrival was detrimental to the Native peoples, they were not immune to the various diseases that the Europeans brought with them. This caused a serious decline in their population. The women helped out the Europeans by teaching them how to preserve their food, produce shoes and canoes, interpret and teach languages, and providing guaidance of the land. The chapter reports that there was marriages between Native women and European men to attain economic ground and ".... to secure influence for traders through Aborginal kinship networks, and to provide Natives with access to posts and provisions". (USS 1995, pg 103) The union produced a population called Metis, which created a new social class amongst the Aboriginal peoples. Curiously, the Metis people considered themselves as a "New Nation" and usually their Indian ancestry was kept quite. The chapter goes on to describe the arrival of European women and how they were used to sustain European purity and custumes. From here the land and culture of the Aboriginal peoples is stripped more and more.
I believe the author wants to relay the lost history of Canada and uncover that that Native Americans were an advanced society.
WHY ARE THESE ISSUES IMPORTANT TO A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES OF OPPRESSION, POWER, PRIVILEGE, AND RESISTANCE?HOW DO YOU POSITION TO THIS ARTICLE?
Through the pages you see the stripping of women's influence and power. In Native American custom, family orgins was traced through the female line however, that changed with European influence as family orgins were traced through the male line. I thought it was also interesting to read that the Metis class hid their Native American ancestry. To me, this tells me taht they were either ashamed or saw that it was more beneificial to claim that they were European.
ARE THERE THREAD OF THIS PIECE THAT 'SPEAK' IN FAMILIAR WAYS TO ISSUES, EXPERIENCES, MEMORIES IN YOUR OWN LIFE? EXPLAIN.HOW ARE THERE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE GROUPS/ INDIVIDUALS UNDER DISCUSSION AND OTHER MINORITIZED/ OPPRESSED?
I hear from friends that they feel like there is a gap between those who are bi-racial and those who are full. Some people who are mixed race feel like they are seperated from their ethnic community. I know some people who are bi-racial that identify with only one side of their ethnicity.
DO YOU AGREE WITH THE MAIN ARGUMENTS MADE? WHY? WHY NOT?
I agree with the main arguments made because it offers a different side of history that students don't learn about.
Sunday, June 1, 2008
Dream World
SUMMARY:
This movie introduced the unique theory that music videos are male "dream worlds" of women who are dominated and sexualized by men. This is possible because 90% of music videos are directed by men. The women in these videos are portrayed as primal, nymph-like beings who desire sex, lust, and promiscuity. A common theme is that the women are young and attractive and go after older men. They are also attracted to water, willing to take off their clothes, and will live in a gloomy world without men. Their roles in the videos are usually strippers/ exotic dancers, hookers, prostitutes, women with whips, phone sex operators, sexy nurses, or over sexed housewives. Viewers see these women's bodies as outlines, shapes, and shadows that are the same and interchangeable. Their bodies are objects and wonderlands as the camera travels over them in a panoramic shot.
The movie aslo raises the question of whose story is not being told. Since most of the directors are men, female artist have a hard time of trying to tell their story. The 'dream world' causes some negative effects in the real world because males would apply the stuff they see from the dream world to the real world. A survey showed that 60% of men thought that some women wanted to be raped based on their appearance. Another survey showed that 30% of men agreed that some women deserved to be raped.
MY THOUGHTS/ REACTION:
I enjoyed watching this film because I agreed with the concept that women are portrayed as inferior beings in the media. The media could be a wonderful place of entertainment and information, but at the same time it is breeding ground for stereotypes and judgement. The fact is that not everyone has access equal access to the media. The part of women not being able to tell their story reminds me of the teaching of history. Most of the time history is taught from the majority group's perspective. A form of entertainment then becomes a threshold of oppression.
I also believed in the part of men applying the dream world to the real world because most acts of rape are commited by men. I remember watching a story about a young woman whose case against her rapist was overtuned because the judge believed that she gave her rapist her conscent to have sex because her jeans were tight and so she had to help him remove them.
This movie introduced the unique theory that music videos are male "dream worlds" of women who are dominated and sexualized by men. This is possible because 90% of music videos are directed by men. The women in these videos are portrayed as primal, nymph-like beings who desire sex, lust, and promiscuity. A common theme is that the women are young and attractive and go after older men. They are also attracted to water, willing to take off their clothes, and will live in a gloomy world without men. Their roles in the videos are usually strippers/ exotic dancers, hookers, prostitutes, women with whips, phone sex operators, sexy nurses, or over sexed housewives. Viewers see these women's bodies as outlines, shapes, and shadows that are the same and interchangeable. Their bodies are objects and wonderlands as the camera travels over them in a panoramic shot.
The movie aslo raises the question of whose story is not being told. Since most of the directors are men, female artist have a hard time of trying to tell their story. The 'dream world' causes some negative effects in the real world because males would apply the stuff they see from the dream world to the real world. A survey showed that 60% of men thought that some women wanted to be raped based on their appearance. Another survey showed that 30% of men agreed that some women deserved to be raped.
MY THOUGHTS/ REACTION:
I enjoyed watching this film because I agreed with the concept that women are portrayed as inferior beings in the media. The media could be a wonderful place of entertainment and information, but at the same time it is breeding ground for stereotypes and judgement. The fact is that not everyone has access equal access to the media. The part of women not being able to tell their story reminds me of the teaching of history. Most of the time history is taught from the majority group's perspective. A form of entertainment then becomes a threshold of oppression.
I also believed in the part of men applying the dream world to the real world because most acts of rape are commited by men. I remember watching a story about a young woman whose case against her rapist was overtuned because the judge believed that she gave her rapist her conscent to have sex because her jeans were tight and so she had to help him remove them.
Wednesday, May 28, 2008
Review: Prussian Blue
Prussian Blue is one of the most controversial bands in America. It consists of two young twin girls, Lamb and Lynx Gaede, who sing catchy songs that appeal to other kids. The twins may seem like many other talented young stars that perform for crowds and take center media attention; however their music is controversial and to some, offensive.
The girls and their family are White Nationalists and much of their beliefs are in their music. Their music video “Victory Day” takes place in a picturesque open field where the girls are playing with their little sister. The setting and girls look so peaceful and innocent as they sing and play their instruments in dresses. However the realization of their message comes into focus if you pay really close attention to the lyrics of the song:
“Well sit down and listen, to what I have to say. Soon will come a great war, a bloody but holy day. And after that purging, our people will be free, and sing up in the bright skies, a sun for all to see...Times are very tough now for a proud White man to live. And although it may appear that this world has no life to give. Times are soon changing, this cant go on for long. And on that joyful summer's day we'll sing our Victory song...The women, they'll smile, on Victory Day. And the children, they'll laugh and they'll sing and they'll play. And the forests will echo our grace, for the brand new dawn of our Race...You are my brother and in war we proudly sing. Our Cause shall never tire. Our gift to you we bring: A holy creed of Racial purpose, A mighty Race to defend. And when we fly our holy flag their oppressive reign shall end...And when we finally conquer, our people will be free. And all across this great land, the bold Truth we shall see.So as we march together, to avoid catastrophe, let's remember always our sacred Destiny...”
( http://www.lyricstime.com/prussian-blue-victory-day-lyrics.html)
"Victory Day" is about a day in the future where there will be a war of the races. It is also a message of racial purification. As someone of color, the song is threatening and a little scary. Afterall, it is a tune that hopes for my demise. The song reminded me of Hitler's efforts to purify the German race from people who he believed were inferior. The song and lyrics have a patriotic style to it, which is meant to rally fellow members and create a brotherhood. It also appeals to members of all class and social statuses.
Their website contains content that most official fan website have: information about performances, downloads, pictures, and copies of their CDs. However, the most important part of their site to examine is their biography. It states that the girls were homeschooled by their mother from the first to seventh grade. From this, it is apparent that the girls were mainly influenced by their mother, who is a white natationalist. Also, there is a big chance that they rarely got any exposure to people who are of a different race from them.
Here is a link to their video, Victory Day: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZcGkISt7jE
Here is a link to their official website: http://prussianbluestore.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=6
The girls and their family are White Nationalists and much of their beliefs are in their music. Their music video “Victory Day” takes place in a picturesque open field where the girls are playing with their little sister. The setting and girls look so peaceful and innocent as they sing and play their instruments in dresses. However the realization of their message comes into focus if you pay really close attention to the lyrics of the song:
“Well sit down and listen, to what I have to say. Soon will come a great war, a bloody but holy day. And after that purging, our people will be free, and sing up in the bright skies, a sun for all to see...Times are very tough now for a proud White man to live. And although it may appear that this world has no life to give. Times are soon changing, this cant go on for long. And on that joyful summer's day we'll sing our Victory song...The women, they'll smile, on Victory Day. And the children, they'll laugh and they'll sing and they'll play. And the forests will echo our grace, for the brand new dawn of our Race...You are my brother and in war we proudly sing. Our Cause shall never tire. Our gift to you we bring: A holy creed of Racial purpose, A mighty Race to defend. And when we fly our holy flag their oppressive reign shall end...And when we finally conquer, our people will be free. And all across this great land, the bold Truth we shall see.So as we march together, to avoid catastrophe, let's remember always our sacred Destiny...”
( http://www.lyricstime.com/prussian-blue-victory-day-lyrics.html)
"Victory Day" is about a day in the future where there will be a war of the races. It is also a message of racial purification. As someone of color, the song is threatening and a little scary. Afterall, it is a tune that hopes for my demise. The song reminded me of Hitler's efforts to purify the German race from people who he believed were inferior. The song and lyrics have a patriotic style to it, which is meant to rally fellow members and create a brotherhood. It also appeals to members of all class and social statuses.
Their website contains content that most official fan website have: information about performances, downloads, pictures, and copies of their CDs. However, the most important part of their site to examine is their biography. It states that the girls were homeschooled by their mother from the first to seventh grade. From this, it is apparent that the girls were mainly influenced by their mother, who is a white natationalist. Also, there is a big chance that they rarely got any exposure to people who are of a different race from them.
Here is a link to their video, Victory Day: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZcGkISt7jE
Here is a link to their official website: http://prussianbluestore.com/modules.php?name=Content&pa=showpage&pid=6
Wednesday, May 21, 2008
"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack"
AUTHOR: Peggy McIntosh
TEXT SOURCE: Independent School
YEAR: 1990
PAGES: 1-6
SUMMARY:
This article is about the hidden privileges of being Caucasian. The author explains how many whites are oblivious to these hidden tools and benefits that get them to the top because they are raised and molded not to see them. She then provides a lists of her privileges as a white person.
TEXT SOURCE: Independent School
YEAR: 1990
PAGES: 1-6
SUMMARY:
This article is about the hidden privileges of being Caucasian. The author explains how many whites are oblivious to these hidden tools and benefits that get them to the top because they are raised and molded not to see them. She then provides a lists of her privileges as a white person.
WHAT ARE THE CONCERNS OF THIS AUTHOR? This author is concerned how she, as someone who does have white privilege, could help to equalize power and opportunities for colored people in the system and society.
WHY ARE THESE ISSUES IMPORTANT TO A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES OF OPPRESSION, POWER, PRIVILEGE, AND RESISTANCE? It is important to understand these issues and have them recognized as a problem if we as a society want to progress. Having unequal opportunities will create a never ending pattern through generations.
HOW DO POSITION TO THIS ARTICLE? ARE THERE THREADS OF THIS PIECE THAT 'SPEAK' IN FAMILIAR WAYS TO ISSUES, EXPERIENCES, MEMORIES IN YOUR OWN LIFE? EXPLAIN.I agree with this article because I believe most people who are apart of a dominant group don't see the hidden privilges and shelter that they have. During the news coverage for the Virginia Tech shootings, the media and public underlined the fact that the gunman's ethnicity was Korean. This was soon followed by an apology from the Korean governement and a backlash towards all Asians. In the Columbine shootings, no one underlined the gunmans' race as a factor of their actions or target others of their ethnicity.
HOW ARE THERE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE GROUPS/INDIVIDUALS UNDER DISCUSSION AND OTHER MINORITIZED/OPPRESSED GROUPS?
This article represents the fact that many people who are apart of the dominant group don't see their hidden opportunities that they have. Not only does this article represent a concept for just race- it can go towards other groups like gays and women.
DO YOU AGREE WITH THE MAIN ARGUMENTS MADE? WHY OR WHY NOT?
I agree with the main articles made because it is apparent in everyday life and society.
Synpopsis of Review
I am hopping to review the website and music of Prussian Blue, which is a band that consists of twin girls. Their seemingly, inocent music contains messages of racist actions and oppressive remarks.
Here is their website : http://prussianbluestore.com/
and a video of their music: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZcGkISt7jE
I think this is an interesting media to examine because the message is so subliminal and is delivered by young children.
Here is their website : http://prussianbluestore.com/
and a video of their music: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZcGkISt7jE
I think this is an interesting media to examine because the message is so subliminal and is delivered by young children.
Tuesday, May 20, 2008
Movie Review: Tough Guise
Director: Sut Jhally
Year: 1999
SUMMARY:
This documentary examined masculinity in U.S. culture and the media and how it affects people's oppinions and behaviors, especially for males. The mold of 'what makes a real man' is causing males to be violent and emotionally closed off. Men tend to believe that masculinity= invulnerability and this could cause covert depression. Also the fad is taking its toll on women. The combination of sex and violence in movies is starting to normalize this behavior in men. In fact, it is more shocking and outrageous when women commit violent crimes then when men do. Interestingly, men tend to be more violent against other men than women. Masculinity affects minority men in a different way because they feel like it is all they have to survive and seem powerful.
WHAT ARE THE CONCERNS OF THIS AUTHOR?
Writers are concerned that masculinity is inflicting negative traits on society, especially males. He hopes males will be able to see that it is ok to express emotion and to be human.
WHY ARE THESE ISSUES IMPORTANT TO A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES OF OPPRESSION, POWER, PRIVILEGE, AND RESISTANCE?
It's important to examine masculinity because its something that affects everyone. Males are going through this fad to fit into the status quo and it is having a negative impact on them and society. By looking at this fad and where it is coming from we have a better strategy of trying to defeat it.
HOW DO YOU POSITION TO THIS ARTICLE? ARE THERE THREAD OF THIS PIECE THAT 'SPEAK' IN FAMILIAR WAYS TO ISSUES, EXPERIENCES, MEMORIES IN YOUR OWN LIFE? EXPLAIN.
I feel like masculinity is a problem in our society. Many of the boys I know rarely show emotion when they are sad or hurt. In fact, a lot of the guys I know seem uneasy when they see someone crying.
HOW ARE THERE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE GROUPS/ INDIVIDUALS UNDER DISCUSSION AND OTHER MINORITIZED/ OPPRESSED Mmasculine men and oppressed groups feel like they will appear weak and looked down upon if they express themselves.
DO YOU AGREE WITH THE MAIN ARGUMENTS MADE? WHY? WHY NOT?
I agree with the main arguments because I see it in everyday life and the media. I have to admit that it seems more rare to see a man cry.
WHAT ARE ASPECTS THAT THE AUTHOR DOESN'T ADDRESS THAT YOU THINK ARE IMPORTANT?
I think the writer should also examine how families and cultures influence masculinity. After all, I believe that consumers have some sort of influence over toys and movies.
Year: 1999
SUMMARY:
This documentary examined masculinity in U.S. culture and the media and how it affects people's oppinions and behaviors, especially for males. The mold of 'what makes a real man' is causing males to be violent and emotionally closed off. Men tend to believe that masculinity= invulnerability and this could cause covert depression. Also the fad is taking its toll on women. The combination of sex and violence in movies is starting to normalize this behavior in men. In fact, it is more shocking and outrageous when women commit violent crimes then when men do. Interestingly, men tend to be more violent against other men than women. Masculinity affects minority men in a different way because they feel like it is all they have to survive and seem powerful.
WHAT ARE THE CONCERNS OF THIS AUTHOR?
Writers are concerned that masculinity is inflicting negative traits on society, especially males. He hopes males will be able to see that it is ok to express emotion and to be human.
WHY ARE THESE ISSUES IMPORTANT TO A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES OF OPPRESSION, POWER, PRIVILEGE, AND RESISTANCE?
It's important to examine masculinity because its something that affects everyone. Males are going through this fad to fit into the status quo and it is having a negative impact on them and society. By looking at this fad and where it is coming from we have a better strategy of trying to defeat it.
HOW DO YOU POSITION TO THIS ARTICLE? ARE THERE THREAD OF THIS PIECE THAT 'SPEAK' IN FAMILIAR WAYS TO ISSUES, EXPERIENCES, MEMORIES IN YOUR OWN LIFE? EXPLAIN.
I feel like masculinity is a problem in our society. Many of the boys I know rarely show emotion when they are sad or hurt. In fact, a lot of the guys I know seem uneasy when they see someone crying.
HOW ARE THERE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE GROUPS/ INDIVIDUALS UNDER DISCUSSION AND OTHER MINORITIZED/ OPPRESSED Mmasculine men and oppressed groups feel like they will appear weak and looked down upon if they express themselves.
DO YOU AGREE WITH THE MAIN ARGUMENTS MADE? WHY? WHY NOT?
I agree with the main arguments because I see it in everyday life and the media. I have to admit that it seems more rare to see a man cry.
WHAT ARE ASPECTS THAT THE AUTHOR DOESN'T ADDRESS THAT YOU THINK ARE IMPORTANT?
I think the writer should also examine how families and cultures influence masculinity. After all, I believe that consumers have some sort of influence over toys and movies.
Towards a Definition of Patriarchy
Author: Heidi Hartmann
Text Source: OPR
Year: 2004
Pgs: 143-147
MAIN POINTS and ARGUMENT:
Hartmann's article examined the different levels of patriarchy and how it is organized. Men, dispite racial or class differences, control women by banding togeather. They are able to control women's resources and sexuality at home and in the work place through our society and traditions. This theory is called the sex/gender system which is "the set of arrangements by which a society transforms biological sexuality into products of human activity, and in which these transformed sexual needs are satisfied". (pg 144) Meaning that this system difines the roles of men and women for generations.
WHAT ARE THE CONCERNS OF THIS AUTHOR?
Patriarchy has existed in many cultures and political systems for a long time. Can we even recognize the different forms and influences of patriarchy in our lives?
WHY ARE THESE ISSUES IMPORTANT TO A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES OF OPRESSION, POWER, PRIVILEGE, AND RESISTANCE?
Understanding the complexity of patriarchy is one of the keys to solving it. As a woman, I want the same opportunities and treatment as men.
HOW DO YOU POSITION TO THIS ARTICLE? ARE THERE THREADS OF THIS PIECE THAT 'SPEAK' IN FAMILIAR WAYS TO ISSUES, EXPERIENCES, MEMORIES, IN YOUR OWN LIFE? EXPLAIN.
One of my family's flaws is that they take part in patriarchy. My grandparents favored their sons over their daughters. My mom told me stories how her brothers were punished less when they misbehaved, how my grandparents bought them their first cars, and how they recieved better treatment. When my grandparents wrote out their will, they made sure that my uncles had more land then my mom and my aunts because my grandpa explained to me that "they're boys".
HOW ARE THERE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFFERENCES BETWEEN THE GROUP/ INDIVIDUALS UNDER DISCUSSION AND OTHER MINORITIZED / OPPRESSED GROUPS?
I believe that partriarchy exists in all class systems and societies across the glob, especially in the family institution.
DO YOU AGREE WITH THE MAIN ARGUMENTS MADE? WHY? WHY NOT?
I agree with the main arguments made because the differential treatment of men from women is appparent in most institutions and settings. Today, men make more money then women. Also men and women have different roles in our society.
Text Source: OPR
Year: 2004
Pgs: 143-147
MAIN POINTS and ARGUMENT:
Hartmann's article examined the different levels of patriarchy and how it is organized. Men, dispite racial or class differences, control women by banding togeather. They are able to control women's resources and sexuality at home and in the work place through our society and traditions. This theory is called the sex/gender system which is "the set of arrangements by which a society transforms biological sexuality into products of human activity, and in which these transformed sexual needs are satisfied". (pg 144) Meaning that this system difines the roles of men and women for generations.
WHAT ARE THE CONCERNS OF THIS AUTHOR?
Patriarchy has existed in many cultures and political systems for a long time. Can we even recognize the different forms and influences of patriarchy in our lives?
WHY ARE THESE ISSUES IMPORTANT TO A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF SYSTEMS AND STRUCTURES OF OPRESSION, POWER, PRIVILEGE, AND RESISTANCE?
Understanding the complexity of patriarchy is one of the keys to solving it. As a woman, I want the same opportunities and treatment as men.
HOW DO YOU POSITION TO THIS ARTICLE? ARE THERE THREADS OF THIS PIECE THAT 'SPEAK' IN FAMILIAR WAYS TO ISSUES, EXPERIENCES, MEMORIES, IN YOUR OWN LIFE? EXPLAIN.
One of my family's flaws is that they take part in patriarchy. My grandparents favored their sons over their daughters. My mom told me stories how her brothers were punished less when they misbehaved, how my grandparents bought them their first cars, and how they recieved better treatment. When my grandparents wrote out their will, they made sure that my uncles had more land then my mom and my aunts because my grandpa explained to me that "they're boys".
HOW ARE THERE SIMILARITIES AND DIFFFERENCES BETWEEN THE GROUP/ INDIVIDUALS UNDER DISCUSSION AND OTHER MINORITIZED / OPPRESSED GROUPS?
I believe that partriarchy exists in all class systems and societies across the glob, especially in the family institution.
DO YOU AGREE WITH THE MAIN ARGUMENTS MADE? WHY? WHY NOT?
I agree with the main arguments made because the differential treatment of men from women is appparent in most institutions and settings. Today, men make more money then women. Also men and women have different roles in our society.
Monday, May 19, 2008
"Something About the Subject Makes It Hard to Name"
In this chapter, Yamato explains racism in terms of how regular people, both white and color, see it and approach it. She believes racism is something that cannot be dissolved in one workshop session, or in one day; it is something that will take a lot of time and effort. People take the following actions in dealing with racism: ‘aware/ blatant racism, aware/convert racism, unaware/ unintentional racism, and unaware/ self righteous racism’. (OPR 2004, pg 65) The first step in dissolving racism is to acknowledge
that it exists. Yamato goes on to explain how racism is best handled on two levels: ‘personal and societal and emotional and institutional’. (OPR 2004, pg 67)
My thoughts: I was in full fledge agreement about the first step in attacking racism, is to acknowledge that it exists. Many Americans today believe that racism is something of the past. Yes, we might not have lynching and other blunt forms of racism like ‘white only’ signs, but it still exists in places like schools and the media.
I also agree on Yamato’s analogy of how different people deal with racism. When I hear ignorant comments regarding race or culture, I wonder: is that person really that shallow or do they not know better? I understand that some people are not exposed to different races or cultures, so I try to be patient.
that it exists. Yamato goes on to explain how racism is best handled on two levels: ‘personal and societal and emotional and institutional’. (OPR 2004, pg 67)
My thoughts: I was in full fledge agreement about the first step in attacking racism, is to acknowledge that it exists. Many Americans today believe that racism is something of the past. Yes, we might not have lynching and other blunt forms of racism like ‘white only’ signs, but it still exists in places like schools and the media.
I also agree on Yamato’s analogy of how different people deal with racism. When I hear ignorant comments regarding race or culture, I wonder: is that person really that shallow or do they not know better? I understand that some people are not exposed to different races or cultures, so I try to be patient.
Friday, May 16, 2008
Sexism in the Gaming Industry
I enjoyed reading this article because I am a female that likes to play video games sometimes. The author makes a point of identifying how video games portray women as sex objects that are inferior to the male characters. He believes that much of the video gaming industry appeals to mostly men. His argument reminded me of those who have an issue with Barbie as a role model for young girls. Toys and video games that a child uses to entertain themselves for a few hours of the day could have alot of influence on howthey see themselves and others.
I beleive that the aouthor makes very valid points. However, from the video games that I have seen, many of the character's body, including males, are over exaggerated or made to look extremely attractive. Also, some video games might not reflect American ideals because they are created in other countries. Still, it would be nice to see more video games with females as the main characters.
I beleive that the aouthor makes very valid points. However, from the video games that I have seen, many of the character's body, including males, are over exaggerated or made to look extremely attractive. Also, some video games might not reflect American ideals because they are created in other countries. Still, it would be nice to see more video games with females as the main characters.
Encountering the American Holocaust
I enjoyed reading this chapter because it touches upon a huge part of history that is rarely told or known about. Ward Churchill believes that Native Americans went through a Holocaust that .
The Native American population took a serious plunge since the arrival of European settlers by diseases, squeamishness with settlers for their land, and murders. Their stories remain untold in American classrooms and history books. Only a few authors write American history in the Native American point of view. Churchill makes an interesting point by comparing the Native American holocaust to the Jewish Holocaust that occurred in Germany. The settlers can easily take the place of the Nazis and the Native Americans the place of the Jews. The justification for the stealing of land and mass murders was to ‘end barbarism’ and set up a land of liberty and civilization. Personally, I do not know how that can even pass off as a humane excuse. How do you measure the worth of a human life? However, after examining the early American ideals, anyone who was not white was considered to be not fully human or of a lesser human. I believe that many Americans refuse to see what happened to the Native Americans as tragic because that would go against the country's pride and image. How can the U.S. fight a war against the Nazis when at home there were mass murders of Native Americans and wishes and laws that wished to 'purify' the land?
This chapter reminded me of native Hawaiians and their fight for their land. Like the Native American populations, their numbers plunged with the arrival of foreigners. They too went through reeducation camps which divided their communities. They too face a history that is untold.
The Native American population took a serious plunge since the arrival of European settlers by diseases, squeamishness with settlers for their land, and murders. Their stories remain untold in American classrooms and history books. Only a few authors write American history in the Native American point of view. Churchill makes an interesting point by comparing the Native American holocaust to the Jewish Holocaust that occurred in Germany. The settlers can easily take the place of the Nazis and the Native Americans the place of the Jews. The justification for the stealing of land and mass murders was to ‘end barbarism’ and set up a land of liberty and civilization. Personally, I do not know how that can even pass off as a humane excuse. How do you measure the worth of a human life? However, after examining the early American ideals, anyone who was not white was considered to be not fully human or of a lesser human. I believe that many Americans refuse to see what happened to the Native Americans as tragic because that would go against the country's pride and image. How can the U.S. fight a war against the Nazis when at home there were mass murders of Native Americans and wishes and laws that wished to 'purify' the land?
This chapter reminded me of native Hawaiians and their fight for their land. Like the Native American populations, their numbers plunged with the arrival of foreigners. They too went through reeducation camps which divided their communities. They too face a history that is untold.
Thursday, May 15, 2008
Racial Fomation
This was a very interesting segment which addressed the formation of race. According to Omi and Winant, racial formation is “the sociohistorical process by which racial categories are created, inhabited, transformed, and destroyed.” (Helkde and O’Conner 2004, pg 117) There is a brief historical analysis of racial awareness in the states. When Europeans arrived in North America and encountered Native Americans, they began to question who was fully human, who deserved the right to own land, and have rights.
It also looks at race in both a micro and macro level analysis by using examples of programs that attempt to solve the racial gap and how people tend to deal with race. Omi and Winant mention how some white Americans are tired of racial projects or programs that benefit people based on their race. Many people believe that this is racism in reverse. However, I have to disagree with those who are against Affirmative Action and that their belief that it is a racist program. It is shown that those who benefit the most from Affirmative Action are actually white females, because women are a minority. Another interesting point that this chapter examined was who can be racist and how.
This segment was a very good read because it examined many aspects that make up race. However, I like how they mention how categories and labels contribute to the formation of race. I believe that stereotypes are a huge contributor to racial formation.The media is a huge institution that shapes peoples perceptions of those who are different from them. Some examples are cartoons about Japanese Americans during WWII and negative stereotypes of Latinos in movies. The media is an important segment to look at because sometimes the only exposure that a white American receives of a minority group is through the media. I would also like to hear their thoughts of racial formation through the family.
It also looks at race in both a micro and macro level analysis by using examples of programs that attempt to solve the racial gap and how people tend to deal with race. Omi and Winant mention how some white Americans are tired of racial projects or programs that benefit people based on their race. Many people believe that this is racism in reverse. However, I have to disagree with those who are against Affirmative Action and that their belief that it is a racist program. It is shown that those who benefit the most from Affirmative Action are actually white females, because women are a minority. Another interesting point that this chapter examined was who can be racist and how.
This segment was a very good read because it examined many aspects that make up race. However, I like how they mention how categories and labels contribute to the formation of race. I believe that stereotypes are a huge contributor to racial formation.The media is a huge institution that shapes peoples perceptions of those who are different from them. Some examples are cartoons about Japanese Americans during WWII and negative stereotypes of Latinos in movies. The media is an important segment to look at because sometimes the only exposure that a white American receives of a minority group is through the media. I would also like to hear their thoughts of racial formation through the family.
Tuesday, May 13, 2008
Five Phases of Oppression
The preface contained information about what issues the book will present and what the book is not. The next section examined oppression. According to Heldke, the axis of oppression is racism, sexism, heterosexism, and homophobia. She then goes on to explain the five faces of oppression: exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence.
I agree with the issues raised in the chapter and how it relates to United States history. Much of the countries wealth was derived from the oppression of someone, which in most cases is the minority. Native Americans, African slaves, immigrant workers, were exploited for either their land or labor. This caused generations of poverty and lack of social mobility. Also many people in the United States were denied the right to vote or own land, so did not have a voice to protect themselves and their interests. There were also laws that prohibited people from attaining citizenship and the choice of who they can marry. Cultural imperialism occurred when the United States imposed western culture on those who they thought were inferior: Native Americans, Hawaiians, and the Philippines. Children were sent to reeducation camps and were forced to give up practicing their religion or culture. Violence was used as a tool to control the minority groups. Aside from the general public enforcing rules and ideals that they believed in by violence, the federal government also sent out troops to remain in control.
I agree with the issues raised in the chapter and how it relates to United States history. Much of the countries wealth was derived from the oppression of someone, which in most cases is the minority. Native Americans, African slaves, immigrant workers, were exploited for either their land or labor. This caused generations of poverty and lack of social mobility. Also many people in the United States were denied the right to vote or own land, so did not have a voice to protect themselves and their interests. There were also laws that prohibited people from attaining citizenship and the choice of who they can marry. Cultural imperialism occurred when the United States imposed western culture on those who they thought were inferior: Native Americans, Hawaiians, and the Philippines. Children were sent to reeducation camps and were forced to give up practicing their religion or culture. Violence was used as a tool to control the minority groups. Aside from the general public enforcing rules and ideals that they believed in by violence, the federal government also sent out troops to remain in control.
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